Many adult patients present with a range of orthodontic issues, including some of the muscular and postural problems outlined above. Adults may also experience flow-on issues, such as snoring or jaw pain. While there are many cosmetic reasons for adults to seek orthodontic treatment, there are a number of general health issues that can be positively influenced with the right treatment.

Extractions are rarely required in modern dentistry and, other than wisdom teeth at an older age, extractions result in loss of jaw bone and permanent, often undesirable changes in facial structure. Extractions should be contemplated only after careful consideration of all options for the child. Modern development procedures allow maximum growth of both jaws and myofunctional support from the surrounding softer tissues will result in a well-balanced facial appearance and a sound functioning dentition.

Around two to two-and-a-half years, the child can come with a parent or carer at the adult's dental visit just to familiarise them with the dental environment. The first examination is often just a look and to count the teeth. That visit can help establish a pattern of oral care and if any interceptive measures are required, discussion can occur regarding the best management.

We no longer wait until the full permanent set of teeth have arrived (usually around 12-14 years). Interceptive measures are able to be implemented in children as young as two-and-a-half years. Lots can be done from an early age. Sucking habits, head posture, mouth breathing and snoring can all be intercepted from this early age. Often, if left until 12-14 years, the problems are so fully entrenched they become almost impossible to correct and only dental corrections can be made, often with unsatisfactory long-term outcomes. The major priority is recognition that there are developing problems right from that early age, with a skilled professional able to pick up the issues at the first examination.

Three out of four children have a developing malocclusion, such as poor bite, crooked teeth or poor mouth habits. What can be done about these problems? Recent developments and ongoing broadening of older techniques have seen a complete turnaround in the management of facial growth and jaw development.